US targets EU with tariffs on Airbus planes and French cheese

London/Brussels/Washington: The United States on Wednesday said it would enact 10 per cent tariffs on European-made Airbus planes and 25 per cent duties on goods from across the continent as punishment for illegal EU aircraft subsidies.

The announcement came after the World Trade Organization gave Washington a green light to impose tariffs on $7.5 billion (Dh27.5 billion) worth of EU goods annually in the long-running case, a move that could ignite a tit-for-tat transatlantic trade war.

The US Trade Representative’s target list for EU tariffs, set to take effect on October 18, includes large Airbus planes made in France, Britain, Germany and Spain for 10 per cent tariffs.

But no tariffs will be imposed on EU-made aircraft parts used in Airbus’ Alabama assembly operations nor those used by rival US planemaker Boeing Co, safeguarding US manufacturing jobs.

Instead, the list heavily targets the four Airbus consortium countries with tariffs, including French and British goods, Spanish olives, sweaters and woolens and German tools and coffee.

Cheese from nearly every EU country will be hit with the 25 per cent tariffs, but Italian olive oil was spared, along with European chocolate.

“Finally, after 15 years of litigation, the WTO has confirmed that the United States is entitled to impose countermeasures in response to the EU’s illegal subsidies,” US Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer said in a statement.

“We expect to enter into negotiations with the European Union aimed at resolving this issue in a way that will benefit American workers,” Lighthizer added.

WTO arbitrators said Boeing had lost the equivalent to $7.5 billion a year in sales and disruption to deliveries of some of its largest aircraft because of cheap European government loans to Airbus.

The decision, confirming a figure reported by Reuters last week, allows Washington to target the same value of EU goods, but bars any retaliation against European financial services.

It is part of a two-way dispute that diplomats and trade experts expect to lead to tit-for-tat European import tariffs against US goods next year over state subsidies for Boeing.

The Trump administration asked the WTO for an emergency meeting to give the formal ratification needed for tariffs in mid-October.

Earlier this year, US trade officials floated a $25 billion list of European targets from planes to helicopters cheese and luxury goods. Goods from EU countries that are not part of the Airbus consortium, such as Italy would still be targeted, a USTR official said, because European Union nations all bear responsibility for the situation.

Broad selling amid worries over slowing global growth that had punished European stocks earlier on Wednesday accelerated as the ruling revived worries about damage to the already-ailing regional economy. The pan European STOXX 600 index finished down 2.7 per cent, its worst day since December 2018.

Airbus shares closed down 2 per cent.

Wall Street’s main indexes suffered their sharpest one-day declines in nearly six weeks on Wednesday after employment and manufacturing data suggested that the US-China trade war is taking an increasing toll on the US economy.

War of attrition

The world’s two largest planemakers have waged a war of attrition over subsidies at the WTO since 2004 in a dispute that has tested the trade policeman’s influence and is expected to set the tone for competition from would-be rivals from China.

The WTO had already found that both Europe’s Airbus and its US rival Boeing received billions of dollars of illegal subsidies in the world’s largest corporate trade dispute.

The global trade body is due to decide early next year on the level of annual tariffs the EU can impose on US imports.

German Chancellor Angela Merkel said the decision would weigh on the European planemaker, which is one of Germany’s largest industrial employers and is headquartered in France.

Before any tariffs can be imposed, the WTO’s Dispute Settlement Body must formally adopt the arbiters’ report in a process expected to take between 10 days and four weeks.

Its next scheduled meeting is on Oct. 28, but Washington’s request could bring that forward to October 14.

‘Lose-lose’ trade war

While the level of tariffs amounts to less than three days’ worth of trade between Europe and the United States, importers led by US airlines that buy Airbus jets have urged Washington to be selective when choosing industries to hit in order to avoid causing collateral damage to the US economy.

EU manufacturers are already facing US tariffs on steel and aluminium and a threat from US President Donald Trump to penalise EU cars and car parts. The EU has in turn retaliated.

The Trump administration believes tariffs were effective in bringing China to the negotiating table over trade, and in convincing Japan to open its agricultural market to US products.

Airbus has said this would lead to a “lose-lose” trade war and has published a video stressing its contribution to the US industry through local assembly plants and 4,000 direct jobs.

Not all analysts see the WTO’s aircraft subsidy row — with its thousands of pages of legal and aeronautical jargon — inflaming broader international trade tensions.

“In some ways it is a distinct issue from the rest of the Trump trade wars,” said Constantine Fraser of UK research firm TS Lombard.

“I think the White House is going to be aggressive in pursuing this, but I don’t think there is necessarily any kind of read-through from this to the prospect of tariffs on cars.”